金(jin)屬澆(jiao)注(zhu)的安全技術
金(jin)屬(shu)澆(jiao)注(zhu)的主要(yao)工具是澆(jiao)包(bao)，澆(jiao)包(bao)內(nei)盛(sheng)有(you)高溫金(jin)屬(shu)熔(rong)液，操作中有(you)一(yi)定的危險(xian)性。要(yao)十分注(zhu)意(yi)安全(quan)。澆(jiao)包(bao)的轉軸要(yao)有(you)安全(quan)裝置，以(yi)(yi)防(fang)意(yi)外傾斜。澆(jiao)注(zhu)時(shi)，鐵(tie)水包(bao)盛(sheng)滿(man)鐵(tie)水后，重心要(yao)比轉軸低(di)100毫米以(yi)(yi)上，容量大于(yu)500公斤的澆(jiao)包(bao)，必須裝有(you)轉動(dong)機構(gou)并(bing)能自鎖(suo)。澆(jiao)包(bao)轉動(dong)裝置要(yao)設防(fang)護殼，以(yi)(yi)防(fang)飛濺金(jin)屬(shu)進入而卡(ka)住。
要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查和試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。吊車式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)至少每(mei)半(ban)年檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查與(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一次(ci)；手抬式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)每(mei)兩個月檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查與(yu)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一次(ci)。吊車式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)須(xu)作(zuo)外觀檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查與(yu)靜(jing)力試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，重(zhong)點部位是(shi)加固圈、吊包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)軸、拉桿、大架、吊環及(ji)傾轉機(ji)構等，特別重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)部位須(xu)用(yong)放大鏡(jing)仔細檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查前(qian)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)清(qing)除污垢、銹斑、油污。如(ru)發現零件(jian)有裂紋(wen)、裂口、彎曲(qu)、焊縫與(yu)螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)聯接不(bu)良、鉚釘(ding)聯接不(bu)可靠等，均須(xu)拆換或(huo)修理。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)靜(jing)力試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)方法，是(shi)將澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)吊至最小高(gao)(gao)度，試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)負(fu)荷為(wei)該澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)******工作(zuo)負(fu)荷125％，持續(xu)15分(fen)(fen)鐘；手提式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)負(fu)荷等于(yu)(yu)其******工作(zuo)負(fu)荷的(de)(de)150％。經過檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查、試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，如(ru)未發現其它缺陷及(ji)永久變形(xing)，即為(wei)合(he)格。澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)使(shi)用(yong)前(qian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)先烘干(gan)，盛鐵(tie)水的(de)(de)液面高(gao)(gao)度不(bu)超(chao)過澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)高(gao)(gao)度的(de)(de)八分(fen)(fen)之七。使(shi)用(yong)手抬式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)水包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)時，每(mei)人(ren)負(fu)載不(bu)超(chao)過30公為(wei)保證(zheng)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)注時安全(quan)，主要(yao)(yao)(yao)通道要(yao)(yao)(yao)有3米(mi)寬，澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)走環形(xing)路；火(huo)鉗、鐵(tie)棒、火(huo)鉤和添加劑(ji)（硅角、鋁、球(qiu)化劑(ji)等）須(xu)預熱；澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)注前(qian)，必須(xu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查壓鐵(tie)是(shi)否壓牢，螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)卡子(zi)是(shi)否卡緊(jin)；人(ren)工抬澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)步調要(yao)(yao)(yao)齊，配合(he)一致，抬時澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)口朝外；用(yong)吊車進行澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)注，司機(ji)和吊車指揮(hui)員要(yao)(yao)(yao)遵守吊車移動信(xin)號，動作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)平穩(wen)，吊運(yun)鐵(tie)水澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)起(qi)吊高(gao)(gao)度高(gao)(gao)地面不(bu)大于(yu)(yu)200毫米(mi)；澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)注時，澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)盡量靠近口圈，防止鐵(tie)水澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在壓鐵(tie)或(huo)地上；砂(sha)箱高(gao)(gao)度高(gao)(gao)于(yu)(yu)0.7米(mi)時，應挖地坑(keng)；澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)注大砂(sha)型，必須(xu)注意(yi)底部通氣(qi)，噴(pen)出的(de)(de)一氧化碳再(zai)引火(huo)燒掉；澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)剩的(de)(de)金屬(shu)液只準倒(dao)入(ru)錠模(mo)及(ji)砂(sha)型中；倒(dao)入(ru)前(qian)，錠模(mo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)預熱到150～200℃，砂(sha)坑(keng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)干(gan)燥(zao)。
